Dimona and the Nuclear Mystery: What Does Israel Hide Under the Sands?

Experts are divided: three believe that the site and the size of the construction indicate a new heavy water reactor, while four others suggest it might be a facility for assembling nuclear weapons. But everyone agrees on one thing - this new construction is not ordinary, and it is likely part of the Israeli nuclear program that the state has never officially acknowledged.
Jeffrey Lewis, an expert in nuclear non-proliferation, summarizes the confusion by saying: "It is very hard to imagine that this construction is not a nuclear reactor." These words carry special weight when we know that Israel possesses, according to estimates from 2022, about 90 nuclear warheads, making it the only nuclear power in the Middle East, and the most mysterious among all nuclear states in the world.
The secrecy surrounding Dimona is not new. Since the famous leaks in the 1980s that revealed details about the facility, Israel has refused any international inspections, benefiting from its non-signatory status to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. This deliberate ambiguity allows Tel Aviv to maintain a strategic "nuclear ambiguity," while continuing to develop its arsenal without international oversight.
The irony lies in the fact that the world allows this abnormal situation, where Israel evades international accountability while other countries face severe sanctions merely for suspicion of their nuclear programs. This contradiction reminds us that international politics is still governed by double standards, where some countries enjoy immunity while others are punished.
The new construction in Dimona comes at a time when the region is witnessing rising tensions, raising questions about the message Israel wants to send to its neighbors. Is it seeking to enhance its nuclear superiority? Or is it preparing for a new phase of regional confrontations?
More importantly, this development reminds us that nuclear peace in the Middle East remains a distant dream as long as Israel continues to refuse to join the regional nuclear non-proliferation regime. The ambiguity it fortifies itself with may serve tactical goals in the short term, but in the long term, it fuels an arms race and threatens regional stability.
As the bulldozers continue to work under the scorching sands of the Negev, the most important question remains: When will Israel open its nuclear facilities for international inspection? And when will it join the international community in efforts to prevent nuclear proliferation? The answers to these questions may determine the future of peace and security not only in the Middle East but in the entire world.